What do billionaires in India do with their money? The question is more practical than quaint. They can wrestle with myriad financial advisors, plow funds back into their established businesses, or go it alone, investing on a best-efforts basis in selected deals. The fast-evolving option, at least in India, may be to start a family office.
That approach to wealth management could be called pedestrian in the West. In America alone, there are as many as 5,000 family offices. Yet the landscape is different in India. The cohort of Indian billionaires is the first generation of Indians in history—outside of nobility channels—to accumulate such enormous wealth. These riches are largely tethered to domestic economic reforms that were unleashed in the 1990s.
Insiders estimate that there may now be more than 75 active family-office investors in India. That tally is somewhat less than the 100 or so billionaires in the country. The real growth in the number of family offices, however, will be propelled by those with less prominent net worth today. Credit Suisse estimates that there may be 245,000 millionaires in India. We can expect to see many of the sturdier fortunes nest in a single-family office or coalesce into multi-family offices.
Uday Kotak typifies the trend. Kotak is now setting up a family office to manage an estimated $1.2 billion. This capital was sourced from the sale of a portion of his shares in Kotak Mahindra Bank. The liquidation was forced by the Reserve Bank of India, which monitors founders’ share holdings. In context, Kotak started his bank in 1985 with a $50K loan from family and friends. Today he may be the eighth-richest person in India.
One feature of the family-office structure in India is broad family adhesion. Collective activity is derived from the traditional joint-family concept in which many generations of the same family live together in the same house. The arrangement can lead to common pooling of financial resources, with oversight by the family patriarch. These cultural traits are less evident today because of rapid economic development, but they still inform decisions in the modern workplace.
We are cautious about generalization. In India, like elsewhere, family offices have complex personalities. By way of example, we identify a handful of entities that set the tone for their peer group:
Burman Family Holdings is the private wealth arm of the Dabur Group, a leading consumer goods company. The Delhi-based firm is known to be an aggressive investor in sectors with a retail angle, including financial services, hospitality, and healthcare.
RNT Associates may be the premium name among Indian family offices. It operates from Mumbai as the investment channel for Ratan Tata, former chairman of Tata Sons. Often providing mentoring skills, Tata tends to make smaller investments across an array of internet startups.
Unilazar Ventures is the family office of Ronnie Screwvala. The Mumbai-based media entrepreneur invests broadly in the venture space, but typically outside of his core entertainment interests. The firm’s seed capital can be traced to a 2012 deal with the Walt Disney Company.
In a global context, we see two features of Indian family offices that distinguish them from those elsewhere. First, tax evasion is a headline issue in India. Firms are consequently hard-wired to their government accountabilities. Second, income disparity is staggering. The richest 1% cornered 73% of the wealth generated by the country in 2017, according to an Oxfam study. That reality can draw family offices into extensive philanthropic programs. ■
Our Vantage Point: We expect the number of family offices in India to grow rapidly over the years ahead. As a group, they are poised to become an unexpected, if not outsized, capital source on the global stage.
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